在ACCA考试里,各科目的试卷题目信息量是非常大的,面对着各种文字,各种报表,有些考生根本就不知道该从什么点开始写,对此,会计网针对FM科目,为大家详解答题时的一些小技巧,希望有所帮助。

ACCA(FM)科目备考要点

  答题技巧

  1) 拿到一个近一页半A4纸的案例分析,同学们可以先花2秒冷静一下,平复心情。

  然后细心先把问题(案例分析最后的问题)一个单词一个单词的读完。注意看问题中的动词,比如calculate,discuss,evaluate等等。如果是后两者,这表明题目的大部分分数是在文字讨论上而非计算。

  例如:Jungle Co的题目“Discuss the financial and non-financial performance of Jungle Co for the year ending 31 August 20X6. ” 考察重点在“讨论”而非“计算”,所以计算只有7分,文字讨论13分。

  2) 一定要读完全部案例,联系案例中所给的全部信息为自己做一个答题计划。

  答题计划

  I. 找到你想要计算的数据,比如:sales,profit,profit margins等等,用高光笔在题目中标记出来。

  II. 找到你要用来做比较的标准,比如:当前的数据是与前一个时期比较?与目标进行比较?与行业平均值进行比较?与竞争对手比较?等等

  III. 计算差异或变化,比如:投诉率从6%增加到12%,在陈述发生的变化时不应该说投诉率增加了6%,而是应该说投诉率比上一期增加了100%。要突出的是一个相对的变化,而非绝对数值。同样地,如果收入从$1million变为$2million,应该陈述的变化是百分比的形式,增长了100%。

  IV. 基于计算结果给出自己的意见:为什么会发生这样的变化?给出可能的原因。这里的“可能的原因”是要联系案例分析的,如果不能联系案例信息而凭空捏造是不会得分的。比如,Jungle Co 在household revenue上出现了5.3%的下滑,这有可能是因为从Slabak进口的产品质量不良导致的。这些都是案例分析已经给的现成答案。

  每个数据的分析都要重复II,III,IV步骤,直到你把你想分析的数据都做完。

  V. 文章的最后别忘了写一个两句话的总结,总结就是直接回答问题,不需要再计算,直接回答这个公司到底是做好了还是没做好。

  英文该如何表述

  同学们可以先看看Jungle Co这道题的官方答案

  (https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-students/acca/f5/exampapers/f5-2016-sep-a.pdf.pdf)

  要写成参考答案这样子,是不可能的,至少对于99.9%的PM中国考生来说,是不可能的,排除极少数考ACCA的雅思9分大神。ACCA官方也没有期盼大家写成标准答案的样子。以下这份Jungle Co的答案是官方technical article中所说的“good answer”. 大家可以先看看:

  计算:

ACCA(FM)科目备考要点

  讨论:

  15% increase in total revenue

  This is a good sign. It shows that Jungle Co is selling more units because 'prices are stable', and/or the new cloud service is expanding. But, we need a breakdown of revenue to understand this (see below).

  32.7% increase in net margin

  This is excellent sign. It’s linked to the lower cost of sales from Slabak imports and the launch of cloud computing, which is probably a higher-margin product (for example, no distribution costs for IT services).

  60.5% increase in admin expenses

  This is a problem because admin costs are usually fixed. This is linked to the big increase in customer service costs, which, in turn, is probably related to the lower quality of the new supplier which is causing more complaints (see below).

  5.3% drop in household goods revenue

  This is a worrying sign – it could be linked to the possible drop in quality from the Slabak imports.

  28.3% change in electronic goods revenue

  This is another positive signal. It shows that Jungle is outperforming the average market growth of 20%, which means they are gaining market share.

  225% increase in late deliveries

  This is a major problem. It‘s linked to the move to in-house logistics. Clearly Jungle Co can’t match the quality of the external, international suppliers. Jungle Co needs to address this as it threatens future growth of the business.

  300% increase in % of customers who complain

  This is another major problem. It’s linked to both the outsourcing of production to Slabak, and the move to in-house logistics (mentioned above). Clearly Jungle Co has serious internal process problems that will negatively affect their reputation.

  Overall

  We see mostly good news from the financial indicators: sales, margins, and profits are generally increasing. However, the non-financial information paints a different picture as we see serious problems emerging with Jungle Co’s quality and logistics. Jungle Co needs to address these issues if they want their financial success to continue in the long term.

  我们首先来看看关于数据变化的分析是怎么写的。每一个数据改变都用一个自然段来写,这样会很清晰,容易拿分。首先,用你计算出来的改变量作为标题,比如“15% increase in total revenue”。其次,给出你的意见,这个改变是好是坏?,比如“This is a good sign”,这个观点本身是不得分的,一定要解释原因,比如“It shows that Jungle Co is selling more units because 'prices are stable', and/or the new cloud service is expanding. But, we need a breakdown of revenue to understand this (see below).” 图解如下:

ACCA(FM)科目备考要点

  如果想拿满分,题目中出现的所有数据都应该全部计算变化差异,然后每一个都分析作答,但PM考试时间很紧张,大部分同学时间都不够用,很多同学也是抱着“求过”的心态在考试,所以,应该有选择地挑一些数据作答。

  数据应该怎么挑呢?大致应该遵循以下原则:

  1. 看calculation的分值,比如,Jungle Co计算7分,那就挑7个数据,正如”good answer”也只用了7个数据。

  2. 7个数据应该来自不同的绩效评估领域,比如:财务/非财务,生产成本/管理成本。如果有N种产品的收入成本数据细分,应该每种产品挑一两个数据。例如,“good answer”中挑选的7个指标都是分布在以上各个领域当中的。因为考试评分是按照各个评估的领域来给分的,比如“一个领域最高4分”,所以,这种方式可以帮助“求过”的同学尽可能多拿分数。对于大神级别的同学,请逐个数据一一作答,毕竟,你背负着老师和同学的希望。

  对于文章最后的conclusion,同学们可用两句话总结之前计算的数据, 如“good answer”中的 “overall,…”。

  最后再说一些考试的评分标准,ACCA考试适用“own figure rule”,也就是说,如果你某一步的计算错误是由于之前的数据算错了导致的,这一步不会扣分,只会扣最开始算出错那一步的分,所以,宝宝们不要浪费时间在检查数据上,即便你觉得自己算错了,就用错的数据进行讨论吧,我相信大多数人考试时间是很紧张的。

  来源:ACCA学习帮